Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | AustraliaReviewed | DenmarkReviewed | CubaReviewed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Common law | Civil law (Nordic) | Socialist civil law |
| System of government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | Constitutional monarchy | One-party socialist republic |
| Constitution | Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act | Constitutional Act of Denmark (Grundloven) | Constitución de la República de Cuba |
| In force since | 1901 | 1953 | 2019 |
| Capital | Canberra | Copenhagen | Havana |
| Official languages | English | Danish | Spanish |
| Currency | Australian Dollar (AUD) | Danish krone (DKK) | Cuban peso (CUP) |
| Population | 26,800,000 | 5,900,000 | 11,200,000 |
| Division of powers | Chapter III strictly separates federal judicial power; the High Court polices the boundary and may invalidate legislation for exceeding it. | Parliamentary government in which the cabinet is drawn from and answerable to the Folketing, with an independent unified judiciary. | Unitary, organised on the principle of a single system of state power. The 2019 Constitution and the 2019 territorial reform recognise 15 provinces and the special municipality of Isla de la Juventud, with provincial governors appointed on the President's nomination. |
| How law is made | Bills pass both chambers and receive Royal Assent. A persistent deadlock can trigger a double dissolution and, ultimately, a joint sitting. | Bills pass three readings in the Folketing and receive royal assent. A minority of members can require certain bills to be put to a referendum. | Legislative initiative lies with deputies, the Council of State, the Council of Ministers, the courts, the Prosecutor General, mass organisations and 10,000 citizens by popular initiative. The Assembly meets in short ordinary sessions, so much law is made by decree-law of the Council of State and subsequently ratified. Constitutional amendment requires two-thirds of the Assembly, and a referendum for provisions on the political system or rights. |
| Legal profession | Admission is state-based but nationally recognised; practitioners may be admitted as barristers and solicitors, with an independent bar in most states. | A single advokat profession admitted after a law degree, practical training and a bar course; judges are appointed from experienced lawyers. | Practising litigators generally work through the Organización Nacional de Bufetes Colectivos, a self-financing national body of collective law offices; independent private practice is not a recognised route. Membership of the Unión Nacional de Juristas de Cuba is the professional association. Notarial functions are performed by state notaries. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.