Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | BangladeshReviewed | JapanReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Common law | Civil law with common-law influence |
| System of government | Parliamentary republic | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Constitution | Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | Constitution of Japan |
| In force since | 1972 | 1947 |
| Capital | Dhaka | Tokyo |
| Official languages | Bengali | Japanese |
| Currency | Bangladeshi taka (BDT) | Japanese Yen (JPY) |
| Population | 171,200,000 | 123,500,000 |
| Division of powers | Unitary, with eight administrative divisions and 64 districts exercising delegated rather than constitutional authority. The Chittagong Hill Tracts have a distinct regional council arrangement under the 1997 Peace Accord, and the three hill districts apply special rules on land transfer intended to protect indigenous communities. | Parliamentary government with the Cabinet collectively responsible to the Diet, and a Supreme Court holding the final power of constitutional review. |
| How law is made | A unicameral Parliament passes bills by simple majority; the President may return a bill once but must assent if it is passed again. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority. Article 70 removes a member's seat if they vote against their party, which sharply limits legislative independence from the executive. Ordinances may be issued between sessions. | Most bills are Cabinet-sponsored, drafted by ministries and reviewed by the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, then passed by both houses; the lower house can override the upper by a two-thirds majority. |
| Legal profession | A fused profession of advocates enrolled by the Bangladesh Bar Council after a law degree and the Bar Council examination. Rights of audience are tiered: enrolment permits practice in subordinate courts, and separate permission is needed to appear in the High Court Division and then the Appellate Division. The Bar Council is elected and, like Pakistan's, politically prominent. | Candidates pass the national bar examination, then complete a year at the Legal Training and Research Institute before qualifying as bengoshi, judge or prosecutor. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.