Comparison

Read two legal systems against each other

Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	BelarusReviewed	MalaysiaReviewed	NamibiaReviewed
Legal family	Civil law	Mixed common law and Islamic law	Mixed Roman-Dutch and English common law
System of government	Unitary presidential republic	Federal constitutional monarchy	Semi-presidential republic
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Belarus	Federal Constitution of Malaysia	Constitution of the Republic of Namibia
In force since	1994	1957	1990
Capital	Minsk	Kuala Lumpur	Windhoek
Official languages	Belarusian, Russian	Malay, English	English
Currency	Belarusian rouble (BYN)	Malaysian ringgit (MYR)	Namibian dollar (NAD)
Population	9,100,000	34,100,000	2,600,000
Division of powers	Strongly presidential: the President legislates by decree, appoints half of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court leadership, and the All-Belarusian People’s Assembly holds constitutional functions above the ordinary branches.	Federal, with 13 states and three federal territories. The Ninth Schedule sets out Federal, State and Concurrent Lists: land, Islamic law, Malay custom and local government are state matters, while trade, finance, defence and civil and criminal law are federal. Sabah and Sarawak hold additional competences — immigration, native customary land, and their own High Court — reflecting the terms on which they joined.	Unitary with 14 administrative regions and elected regional councils, which also constitute the National Council, the upper chamber. Traditional authorities exercise recognised functions over communal land and customary law.
How law is made	Bills pass the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic and are signed by the President, who may return them. Separately, the President may issue decrees and edicts with the force of law, including on matters otherwise reserved to statute.	Bills pass both houses; the Dewan Negara can delay but not block, and money bills originate in the Dewan Rakyat. Royal assent is required and, since a 1994 amendment, is deemed given after 30 days if withheld. Amendments affecting the rulers, the special position of the Malays, citizenship or the position of Sabah and Sarawak require additional consents beyond the two-thirds majority.	Bills pass the National Assembly through three readings, then go to the National Council for review. The Council may confirm, propose amendments, or object; the Assembly can override an objection by a two-thirds majority. The President then assents, and constitutional amendments require two-thirds of both chambers and may never diminish the rights chapter.
Legal profession	Advocacy is organised through territorial bar collegiums under close Ministry of Justice supervision; 2021 amendments abolished independent practice and required membership of a legal consultancy office.	A fused profession of advocates and solicitors, but regulated separately by territory: the Malaysian Bar under the Legal Profession Act 1976 for Peninsular Malaysia, the Sabah Law Society, and the Advocates Association of Sarawak. Admission requires a recognised law degree or the Certificate in Legal Practice, pupillage of nine months, and admission by the High Court. Syariah practitioners are separately admitted by state Syariah authorities and require Syariah law qualifications.	A fused profession under the Legal Practitioners Act: a single class of legal practitioner is admitted after a law degree and the Justice Training Centre's postgraduate course, and the Law Society of Namibia regulates practice.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.