Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | Bosnia and HerzegovinaReviewed | AfghanistanReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law | Islamic law |
| System of government | Federal parliamentary republic | Taliban administration; no promulgated constitution |
| Constitution | Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dayton Annex 4) | No constitution in force; 2004 Constitution suspended in practice |
| In force since | 1995 | 2004 |
| Capital | Sarajevo | Kabul |
| Official languages | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian | Pashto, Dari |
| Currency | Convertible mark (BAM) | Afghan afghani (AFN) |
| Population | 3,200,000 | 42,200,000 |
| Division of powers | A three-member Presidency and Council of Ministers at state level share power with two autonomous entities and the Brčko District, each with their own legislatures and courts, under a Constitutional Court. | Centralised. 34 provinces are administered by appointed governors reporting to the central administration, with authority concentrated in the Amir and the leadership based in Kandahar. Elected provincial and district councils established under the 2004 Constitution no longer function. |
| How law is made | State laws require approval of both houses of the Parliamentary Assembly with entity-vote safeguards, while most everyday law is made at entity level. | There is no legislature in session and no published bill procedure. Rules take effect through decrees and ministerial instructions attributed to the Amir or the cabinet, publicised by announcement rather than through a functioning official gazette process. |
| Legal profession | Advokati/odvjetnici belong to entity bar associations; notaries handle deeds and company acts under entity notary laws. | The Afghanistan Independent Bar Association, established in 2008 and which had licensed several thousand advocates including many women, was taken over by the Ministry of Justice in November 2021 and its independent regulatory role ended. Licensing now runs through the ministry. Many practitioners have left the country or ceased practice, and women's ability to appear as advocates or to work as judges has been curtailed. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.