Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | Bosnia and HerzegovinaReviewed | MoldovaReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal familyIdentical | Civil law | Civil law |
| System of government | Federal parliamentary republic | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dayton Annex 4) | Constitution of the Republic of Moldova |
| In force since | 1995 | 1994 |
| Capital | Sarajevo | Chiศinฤu |
| Official languages | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian | Romanian |
| Currency | Convertible mark (BAM) | Moldovan leu (MDL) |
| Population | 3,200,000 | 2,400,000 |
| Division of powers | A three-member Presidency and Council of Ministers at state level share power with two autonomous entities and the Brฤko District, each with their own legislatures and courts, under a Constitutional Court. | Parliamentary, though the President has been directly elected since 2016; the Constitutional Court arbitrates between the two. |
| How law is made | State laws require approval of both houses of the Parliamentary Assembly with entity-vote safeguards, while most everyday law is made at entity level. | Bills are adopted by Parliament, usually in two readings, and promulgated by the President, who may return a bill once for reconsideration. Publication in Monitorul Oficial is a condition of entry into force. |
| Legal profession | Advokati/odvjetnici belong to entity bar associations; notaries handle deeds and company acts under entity notary laws. | Lawyers are licensed by the Union of Advocates after examination and traineeship; notaries, bailiffs and authorised administrators are separate licensed professions. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full โ the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.