Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
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| Attribute | GabonIndexed | NigerIndexed | ChadIndexed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law (French tradition) | Civil law (French tradition) | Mixed (French civil law, customary and Islamic law) |
| System of government | Unitary presidential republic | Republic under military-led government | Unitary presidential republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Gabonese Republic | Constitution of the Seventh Republic (suspended) | Constitution of the Republic of Chad |
| In force since | 2024 | 2010 | 2023 |
| Capital | Libreville | Niamey | N'Djamena |
| Official languages | French | French, Hausa, Zarma | French, Arabic |
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) | West African CFA franc (XOF) | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Population | 2,500,000 | 26,200,000 | 18,300,000 |
| Division of powers | Presidential system under the 2024 constitution, with a bicameral Parliament of National Assembly and Senate and a judiciary headed by the Court of Cassation, Council of State and Constitutional Court. | Under the suspended constitution, a semi-presidential system with a President, Prime Minister and National Assembly. Currently executive and legislative authority is concentrated in the CNSP and an appointed government. | Presidential system with a Prime Minister, a bicameral Parliament of National Assembly and Senate under the 2023 text, and a judiciary headed by the Supreme Court. |
| How law is made | Bills pass committee and plenary in both chambers and are promulgated by the President. The Constitutional Court may review a text before promulgation on referral. | Legislation is currently made by order of the governing authority and published in the Journal Officiel. The suspended constitution provided for ordinary parliamentary passage and presidential promulgation. | Bills are examined in committee and plenary and passed by the legislature, then promulgated by the President. The Constitutional Council may be seised before promulgation. |
| Legal profession | Avocats admitted through the Ordre des avocats du Gabon; notaires and huissiers are separate regulated professions. | Avocats admitted through the Barreau du Niger after a law degree and traineeship; notaires and huissiers are separate offices. | Avocats admitted through the Ordre des avocats du Tchad; the profession is concentrated in N'Djamena. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.