Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
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| Attribute | HaitiReviewed | TogoReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law | Civil law (French tradition) |
| System of government | Unitary semi-presidential republic | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Constitution | Constitution de la République d'Haïti | Constitution of the Fifth Republic |
| In force since | 1987 | 1992 |
| Capital | Port-au-Prince | Lomé |
| Official languages | French, Haitian Creole | French, Ewe, Kabiyé |
| Currency | Haitian gourde (HTG) | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Population | 11,600,000 | 9,100,000 |
| Division of powers | Unitary with constitutionally recognised decentralisation to 10 departments, arrondissements and communes, and to the communal section as the smallest territorial unit. In practice the elected local bodies are largely unfilled and replaced by appointed interim commissions. | Since 2024 a parliamentary system: a President of the Council of Ministers accountable to the National Assembly, a ceremonial President of the Republic, and a bicameral legislature with a Senate. |
| How law is made | Under the 1987 Constitution bills pass both chambers and are promulgated by the President, who may return a text once for reconsideration. With Parliament not sitting, measures have been issued as executive decrees since 2020 — a practice widely criticised as lacking constitutional foundation, and a key reason to check the current status of any recent instrument before relying on it. | Bills are considered in committee and plenary in both chambers, then promulgated. The Cour constitutionnelle may review a text before promulgation on referral. |
| Legal profession | Advocates are admitted to one of the departmental bars (Ordre des avocats), most prominently the Port-au-Prince bar, after a law degree and a period of pupillage. Notaries hold a separate public office with exclusive competence over authentic acts including land transfers, which matters greatly given widespread informality in land title. | Avocats admitted through the Barreau du Togo; notaires and huissiers are separate regulated offices. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.