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Comparison of selected legal systems
AttributeLebanonReviewedSomaliaIndexed
Legal familyCivil law with confessional personal statusPluralist: Islamic, customary and civil law
System of governmentUnitary confessional parliamentary republicFederal parliamentary republic
ConstitutionConstitution of LebanonProvisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia
In force since19262012
CapitalBeirutMogadishu
Official languagesArabic, FrenchSomali, Arabic
CurrencyLebanese pound (LBP)Somali shilling (SOS)
Population5,400,00018,100,000
Division of powersUnitary, with eight governorates and districts administered centrally and elected municipal councils that have real but under-funded competences. Administrative decentralisation was promised by Taif and never enacted.Federal in form, with member states including Puntland, Jubaland, South West, Hirshabelle and Galmudug. The division of powers was left to be settled by later agreement and remains contested, particularly over revenue and security. Somaliland, in the northwest, does not participate and administers its own institutions.
How law is madeBills are introduced by the Council of Ministers or by members, examined in committee and voted by Parliament. The President promulgates, and may request reconsideration once, which Parliament overcomes by an absolute majority. Where Parliament delegates, the Council of Ministers may legislate by decree-law for a fixed period. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority and government initiative or a Parliamentary proposal supported by two-thirds.Bills are introduced by the government or members and passed by the House of the People, with the Upper House participating on matters affecting member states, before presidential assent. Because Article 2 subjects all legislation to consistency with Sharia and no court exists to adjudicate that limit, and because member-state legislation operates in parallel, the effective legislative picture cannot be described as unified.
Legal professionLawyers are admitted by the Beirut Bar Association or the Tripoli Bar Association after a law degree and a three-year traineeship, with compulsory membership and a right of audience that widens with seniority. Both bars are self-governing and historically influential in public life. Notaries are licensed public officers whose authentication is required for real property transfers and company formation, and the two bars maintain legal aid committees that provide the main free representation.Advocates practise through the Somali Bar Association and regional bar associations, with legal education rebuilt through universities in Mogadishu, Hargeisa and elsewhere since the 1990s. Many practitioners work across the formal courts and customary forums, since a client's remedy often lies in the latter. Verified current figures on admission and numbers are not available, which is reflected in this entry's status.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.