Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	LibyaIndexed	ChadIndexed	MoldovaReviewed
Legal family	Civil law with Islamic law as a source	Mixed (French civil law, customary and Islamic law)	Civil law
System of government	Provisional government with contested authority	Unitary presidential republic	Unitary parliamentary republic
Constitution	Constitutional Declaration (interim)	Constitution of the Republic of Chad	Constitution of the Republic of Moldova
In force since	2011	2023	1994
Capital	Tripoli	N'Djamena	Chișinău
Official languages	Arabic	French, Arabic	Romanian
Currency	Libyan dinar (LYD)	Central African CFA franc (XAF)	Moldovan leu (MDL)
Population	6,900,000	18,300,000	2,400,000
Division of powers	Nominally unitary with governorates and municipalities. In practice authority is divided between competing administrations and local armed actors, and municipal councils have in many places become the most functional layer of government.	Presidential system with a Prime Minister, a bicameral Parliament of National Assembly and Senate under the 2023 text, and a judiciary headed by the Supreme Court.	Parliamentary, though the President has been directly elected since 2016; the Constitutional Court arbitrates between the two.
How law is made	There is no single functioning legislative process. The House of Representatives passes laws that the High Council of State contests, and the rival administrations issue decrees within their areas of control. Whether a given instrument is law therefore depends on which authority is recognised, which is exactly why this profile is marked as requiring research rather than described as settled.	Bills are examined in committee and plenary and passed by the legislature, then promulgated by the President. The Constitutional Council may be seised before promulgation.	Bills are adopted by Parliament, usually in two readings, and promulgated by the President, who may return a bill once for reconsideration. Publication in Monitorul Oficial is a condition of entry into force.
Legal profession	Advocates are admitted through the Libyan Bar Association, and the profession has continued to function, including in human-rights litigation, despite serious risks to practitioners. Judicial appointments run through the Supreme Judicial Council. Reliable current information on admission requirements and numbers is limited, which is reflected in the verification status of this entry.	Avocats admitted through the Ordre des avocats du Tchad; the profession is concentrated in N'Djamena.	Lawyers are licensed by the Union of Advocates after examination and traineeship; notaries, bailiffs and authorised administrators are separate licensed professions.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.