Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	LibyaIndexed	LiberiaReviewed	IraqReviewed
Legal family	Civil law with Islamic law as a source	Mixed (American common law and customary law)	Civil law with Islamic law influence
System of government	Provisional government with contested authority	Unitary presidential republic	Federal parliamentary republic
Constitution	Constitutional Declaration (interim)	Constitution of the Republic of Liberia	Constitution of the Republic of Iraq
In force since	2011	1986	2005
Capital	Tripoli	Monrovia	Baghdad
Official languages	Arabic	English, Kpelle, Bassa	Arabic, Kurdish
Currency	Libyan dinar (LYD)	Liberian Dollar (LRD)	Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Population	6,900,000	5,400,000	45,500,000
Division of powers	Nominally unitary with governorates and municipalities. In practice authority is divided between competing administrations and local armed actors, and municipal councils have in many places become the most functional layer of government.	American-style separation: an executive president, a bicameral legislature of Senate and House of Representatives, and a Supreme Court of five justices.	Genuinely federal in form: 15 governorates not organised into a region, plus the Kurdistan Region, which has its own Parliament, government, judiciary and security forces. Governorates may petition to form new regions. Residual powers lie with the regions and governorates rather than the centre, and regional law prevails over federal law outside the exclusive federal competences — the reverse of the usual federal rule.
How law is made	There is no single functioning legislative process. The House of Representatives passes laws that the High Council of State contests, and the rival administrations issue decrees within their areas of control. Whether a given instrument is law therefore depends on which authority is recognised, which is exactly why this profile is marked as requiring research rather than described as settled.	Bills pass both houses in identical form and go to the President, who signs or vetoes; a two-thirds vote of both houses overrides a veto.	Bills are proposed by the President with the Council of Ministers, or by ten members or a committee of the Council of Representatives. They pass two readings and a vote, and the President ratifies within fifteen days, after which they are published and take effect. The Federation Council envisaged by the Constitution has never been created, so there is no second chamber in practice.
Legal profession	Advocates are admitted through the Libyan Bar Association, and the profession has continued to function, including in human-rights litigation, despite serious risks to practitioners. Judicial appointments run through the Supreme Judicial Council. Reliable current information on admission requirements and numbers is limited, which is reflected in the verification status of this entry.	Fused; graduates of the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law are admitted by the Supreme Court as counsellors-at-law, with the Liberian National Bar Association as the professional body.	Lawyers are admitted by the Iraqi Bar Association under the Advocacy Law, with grades of practice determining which courts a member may appear in — a seniority ladder rather than a single right of audience. The Bar is self-governing and its licence is required for court work. The Kurdistan Region has its own bar association, and the two are administratively distinct, so practitioners generally hold the licence appropriate to where they appear.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.