Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
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| Attribute | LibyaIndexed | MauritaniaReviewed | AlgeriaReviewed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law with Islamic law as a source | Mixed (Islamic law and French civil law) | Civil law with Islamic law in personal status |
| System of government | Provisional government with contested authority | Unitary presidential republic | Semi-presidential republic |
| Constitution | Constitutional Declaration (interim) | Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania | Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria |
| In force since | 2011 | 1991 | 2020 |
| Capital | Tripoli | Nouakchott | Algiers |
| Official languages | Arabic | Arabic, French, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof | Arabic, Tamazight |
| Currency | Libyan dinar (LYD) | Ouguiya (MRU) | Algerian dinar (DZD) |
| Population | 6,900,000 | 4,900,000 | 45,600,000 |
| Division of powers | Nominally unitary with governorates and municipalities. In practice authority is divided between competing administrations and local armed actors, and municipal councils have in many places become the most functional layer of government. | Presidential system with a President elected for five years, a unicameral National Assembly since the 2017 abolition of the Senate, and a judiciary that includes Sharia jurisdiction in personal status and certain criminal matters. | Unitary, with 58 wilayas headed by walis appointed by the President alongside elected wilaya assemblies, and communes below them. Local bodies administer central policy and hold limited own-source revenue; they do not legislate. |
| How law is made | There is no single functioning legislative process. The House of Representatives passes laws that the High Council of State contests, and the rival administrations issue decrees within their areas of control. Whether a given instrument is law therefore depends on which authority is recognised, which is exactly why this profile is marked as requiring research rather than described as settled. | Bills are examined in committee and voted by the National Assembly, then promulgated by the President. The Conseil constitutionnel may be seised before promulgation. | Bills come from the government or from at least twenty members of either chamber. They are examined in committee, passed by the People's National Assembly and then the Council of the Nation, with a joint commission resolving disagreement. Organic laws require an absolute majority in the lower house and a three-quarters majority in the upper, plus mandatory constitutional review. The President promulgates within thirty days and may seek a second reading requiring a two-thirds majority to overcome. |
| Legal profession | Advocates are admitted through the Libyan Bar Association, and the profession has continued to function, including in human-rights litigation, despite serious risks to practitioners. Judicial appointments run through the Supreme Judicial Council. Reliable current information on admission requirements and numbers is limited, which is reflected in the verification status of this entry. | Avocats admitted through the Ordre national des avocats; training combines French-style procedure with Islamic legal studies. | Avocats are admitted through regional bars coordinated by the Union Nationale des Ordres des Avocats, with separate accreditation required for appearance before the Supreme Court and Council of State. Judges and prosecutors form a single career magistracy trained at the École Supérieure de la Magistrature. Notaries and bailiffs are regulated public officers in the French tradition, and notarial deeds are compulsory for real-property transfers. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.