Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	LibyaIndexed	MauritaniaReviewed	MaltaReviewed
Legal family	Civil law with Islamic law as a source	Mixed (Islamic law and French civil law)	Mixed (civil and common law)
System of government	Provisional government with contested authority	Unitary presidential republic	Unitary parliamentary republic
Constitution	Constitutional Declaration (interim)	Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania	Constitution of Malta
In force since	2011	1991	1964
Capital	Tripoli	Nouakchott	Valletta
Official languages	Arabic	Arabic, French, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof	Maltese, English
Currency	Libyan dinar (LYD)	Ouguiya (MRU)	Euro (EUR)
Population	6,900,000	4,900,000	540,000
Division of powers	Nominally unitary with governorates and municipalities. In practice authority is divided between competing administrations and local armed actors, and municipal councils have in many places become the most functional layer of government.	Presidential system with a President elected for five years, a unicameral National Assembly since the 2017 abolition of the Senate, and a judiciary that includes Sharia jurisdiction in personal status and certain criminal matters.	A parliamentary republic with a ceremonial President, a Cabinet led by the Prime Minister answerable to the House of Representatives and an independent judiciary.
How law is made	There is no single functioning legislative process. The House of Representatives passes laws that the High Council of State contests, and the rival administrations issue decrees within their areas of control. Whether a given instrument is law therefore depends on which authority is recognised, which is exactly why this profile is marked as requiring research rather than described as settled.	Bills are examined in committee and voted by the National Assembly, then promulgated by the President. The Conseil constitutionnel may be seised before promulgation.	Bills are passed by the House of Representatives and assented to by the President before publication in the Government Gazette.
Legal profession	Advocates are admitted through the Libyan Bar Association, and the profession has continued to function, including in human-rights litigation, despite serious risks to practitioners. Judicial appointments run through the Supreme Judicial Council. Reliable current information on admission requirements and numbers is limited, which is reflected in the verification status of this entry.	Avocats admitted through the Ordre national des avocats; training combines French-style procedure with Islamic legal studies.	Advocates are admitted to the bar after a law degree and warrant; legal procurators and notaries handle procedural filing and authentication of deeds.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.