Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | LiechtensteinReviewed | IndonesiaReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law | Mixed civil, customary and Islamic law |
| System of government | Semi-constitutional hereditary monarchy with direct democracy | Presidential republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein | Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 |
| In force since | 1921 | 1945 |
| Capital | Vaduz | Jakarta |
| Official languages | German | Indonesian |
| Currency | Swiss Franc (CHF) | Indonesian rupiah (IDR) |
| Population | 40,000 | 281,600,000 |
| Division of powers | A unitary state of eleven communes, which retain a constitutional right of secession. Power is shared between the Prince, the Landtag and the electorate: 1,000 citizens can demand a referendum on a law and 1,500 can initiate a constitutional amendment. EEA membership adds a supranational layer supervised by the EFTA Surveillance Authority and the EFTA Court. | Unitary but heavily decentralised since the 1999 regional autonomy laws, which devolved most service delivery to some 500 regencies and cities rather than to the 38 provinces. Aceh, Papua and its successor provinces, Yogyakarta and Jakarta hold special autonomy statuses with distinct arrangements โ Aceh includes Sharia jurisdiction and its own political parties; Yogyakarta's governor is hereditary. |
| How law is made | A bill is debated and adopted by the Landtag, then requires the sanction of the Reigning Prince, whose refusal is absolute and not overridable. Statutes may be subjected to a referendum on the demand of 1,000 citizens or of the Landtag itself, and are published in the Landesgesetzblatt. | Bills may originate with the DPR, the President or the DPD on regional matters, and require the agreement of both the DPR and the President โ a genuine joint enactment rather than assent. Once approved the President promulgates; if he does not, the bill becomes law after 30 days. The Constitutional Court may then annul it. The 2020 Job Creation Law was found conditionally unconstitutional for defective process, which forced the enactment of a new law on legislative drafting. |
| Legal profession | Rechtsanwรคlte are admitted by the Liechtenstein Bar Association after a law degree, a supervised traineeship and the bar examination; qualifications from Austria and Switzerland are widely recognised. Trustees (Treuhรคnder) are a distinct and significant regulated profession given the importance of foundations and asset structures. | Advocates are admitted under the Advocate Law 2003 after a law degree, a professional course, the bar examination and two years' apprenticeship, then sworn in by a High Court. PERADI is the principal bar association, though the profession has been divided by competing organisations, and the Constitutional Court has held that multiple bars may coexist while a single body administers admission. Notaries are a separate regulated profession with exclusive competence over deeds of incorporation and land transfers. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full โ the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.