Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	MadagascarReviewed	NamibiaReviewed	JordanReviewed
Legal family	French civil law with customary law	Mixed Roman-Dutch and English common law	Civil law with Islamic law influence
System of government	Semi-presidential republic	Semi-presidential republic	Unitary constitutional monarchy
Constitution	Constitution of the Fourth Republic	Constitution of the Republic of Namibia	Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
In force since	2010	1990	1952
Capital	Antananarivo	Windhoek	Amman
Official languages	Malagasy, French	English	Arabic
Currency	Malagasy ariary (MGA)	Namibian dollar (NAD)	Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Population	30,300,000	2,600,000	11,300,000
Division of powers	Unitary with a decentralised structure of 23 regions and communes. Successive constitutions have promised fuller decentralisation, including provincial autonomy, which has not been implemented.	Unitary with 14 administrative regions and elected regional councils, which also constitute the National Council, the upper chamber. Traditional authorities exercise recognised functions over communal land and customary law.	Unitary, with twelve governorates administered by centrally appointed governors and elected municipal and governorate councils. The Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority holds delegated regulatory powers within its area, which functions as a limited territorial carve-out rather than devolution.
How law is made	Bills originate with the government or members of either chamber, are examined in committee, and must pass both the National Assembly and the Senate; the Assembly prevails on disagreement. The Haute Cour Constitutionnelle may review a law before promulgation, and organic laws must be referred to it as a matter of course.	Bills pass the National Assembly through three readings, then go to the National Council for review. The Council may confirm, propose amendments, or object; the Assembly can override an objection by a two-thirds majority. The President then assents, and constitutional amendments require two-thirds of both chambers and may never diminish the rights chapter.	Bills go to the House of Representatives first, then the Senate, with disagreements resolved in joint session by a two-thirds majority. The King ratifies, or may return a bill with reasons within six months, which the Assembly may override by two-thirds of each chamber. Provisional laws may be issued when the Assembly is not sitting, but the 2011 amendments narrowed this to urgent matters and require prompt submission to the Assembly.
Legal profession	Avocats admitted to the Ordre des avocats de Madagascar after a law degree and professional training, alongside notaires for authenticated instruments and huissiers for service and enforcement — the standard French division of functions.	A fused profession under the Legal Practitioners Act: a single class of legal practitioner is admitted after a law degree and the Justice Training Centre's postgraduate course, and the Law Society of Namibia regulates practice.	A single profession of lawyers admitted by the Jordan Bar Association after a law degree and a two-year traineeship, with compulsory membership and a graded right of audience by seniority. The Bar is self-governing and disciplines its members. Sharia court advocacy is a separate licensed track, and notarial functions are performed by court-based notaries public rather than an independent notariat.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.