Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | MaliIndexed | NigerIndexed | ChadIndexed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law (French tradition) | Civil law (French tradition) | Mixed (French civil law, customary and Islamic law) |
| System of government | Republic under transitional military-led government | Republic under military-led government | Unitary presidential republic |
| Constitution | Constitution of Mali | Constitution of the Seventh Republic (suspended) | Constitution of the Republic of Chad |
| In force since | 2023 | 2010 | 2023 |
| Capital | Bamako | Niamey | N'Djamena |
| Official languages | French, Bambara | French, Hausa, Zarma | French, Arabic |
| Currency | West African CFA franc (XOF) | West African CFA franc (XOF) | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Population | 23,300,000 | 26,200,000 | 18,300,000 |
| Division of powers | Formally a presidential system with a Prime Minister and bicameral legislature under the 2023 text; in practice transitional authorities exercise combined executive and legislative functions pending elections. | Under the suspended constitution, a semi-presidential system with a President, Prime Minister and National Assembly. Currently executive and legislative authority is concentrated in the CNSP and an appointed government. | Presidential system with a Prime Minister, a bicameral Parliament of National Assembly and Senate under the 2023 text, and a judiciary headed by the Supreme Court. |
| How law is made | Under the transition, texts are adopted by the Conseil national de transition or issued as ordinances and promulgated by the President of the Transition. The 2023 constitution provides for ordinary bicameral passage once institutions are restored. | Legislation is currently made by order of the governing authority and published in the Journal Officiel. The suspended constitution provided for ordinary parliamentary passage and presidential promulgation. | Bills are examined in committee and plenary and passed by the legislature, then promulgated by the President. The Constitutional Council may be seised before promulgation. |
| Legal profession | Avocats admitted through the Barreau du Mali after a law degree and traineeship; notaires and huissiers are separate ministerial offices. | Avocats admitted through the Barreau du Niger after a law degree and traineeship; notaires and huissiers are separate offices. | Avocats admitted through the Ordre des avocats du Tchad; the profession is concentrated in N'Djamena. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.