Comparison

Read two legal systems against each other

Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	ParaguayReviewed	AustriaReviewed	San MarinoReviewed
Legal familyIdentical	Civil law	Civil law	Civil law
System of government	Unitary presidential republic	Federal parliamentary republic	Parliamentary republic
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay	Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)	Declaration of Citizens’ Rights and Leges Statutae
In force since	1992	1920	1600
Capital	Asunción	Vienna	City of San Marino
Official languages	Spanish, Guaraní	German	Italian
Currency	Paraguayan guaraní (PYG)	Euro (EUR)	Euro (EUR)
Population	6,900,000	9,100,000	34,000
Division of powers	Unitary with seventeen departments and the capital district, each with an elected governor and departmental board holding administrative and limited fiscal competence. Legislative power is national.	Nine Länder hold their own constitutions, parliaments and governments, but the federation retains far more legislative power than in Germany or Switzerland; much Länder activity is administering federal law (mittelbare Bundesverwaltung). Three separate high courts sit at the apex, for constitutional, administrative and ordinary matters respectively.	A parliamentary republic in which two Captains Regent serve as joint ceremonial heads of state for six months, a Congress of State governs, and the Grand and General Council legislates.
How law is made	Bills may start in either chamber and must pass both. The President may object in whole or part; Congress overcomes an objection by absolute majority in both chambers. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds vote of each chamber and ratification by referendum; wholesale reform requires a constituent assembly.	Bills originate with the government, members of the Nationalrat, the Bundesrat or a popular initiative, and pass three readings in the Nationalrat. The Bundesrat may object but can normally be overridden. The Federal President authenticates the law, the Chancellor countersigns, and it is published in the Bundesgesetzblatt.	Laws are adopted by the Grand and General Council and promulgated in the name of the Captains Regent.
Legal profession	A law degree and registration of the title with the Supreme Court, which maintains the roll and exercises discipline. Bar membership is voluntary. Because both Spanish and Guaraní are official, courts must provide interpretation, and practitioners outside Asunción are commonly bilingual.	A Rechtsanwalt qualifies through a law degree, five years of practical training including at least three in a law firm and some months at court, and the bar examination. Admission is via the regional bar chambers under the umbrella of the Österreichischer Rechtsanwaltskammertag. Notaries are a separate profession with appointments limited in number.	Avvocati and notai belong to the professional order of San Marino; many judges are non-resident Italian magistrates appointed for fixed terms.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.