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Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
AttributeParaguayReviewedComorosReviewedSeychellesReviewedMauritiusReviewed
Legal familyCivil lawMixed French civil law and Islamic lawMixed French civil law and English common lawMixed French civil law and English common law
System of governmentUnitary presidential republicFederal presidential republicPresidential republicParliamentary republic
ConstitutionConstitution of the Republic of ParaguayConstitution of the Union of the ComorosConstitution of the Republic of SeychellesConstitution of Mauritius
In force since1992200119931968
CapitalAsunciรณnMoroniVictoriaPort Louis
Official languagesSpanish, GuaranรญComorian, Arabic, FrenchSeychellois Creole, English, FrenchEnglish, French, Mauritian Creole
CurrencyParaguayan guaranรญ (PYG)Comorian franc (KMF)Seychellois rupee (SCR)Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Population6,900,000850,000130,0001,260,000
Division of powersUnitary with seventeen departments and the capital district, each with an elected governor and departmental board holding administrative and limited fiscal competence. Legislative power is national.Federal. Grande Comore, Anjouan and Mohรฉli each have a governor and their own assembly with substantial autonomy over local administration, while the Union handles defence, currency, foreign affairs and nationality.Unitary with 27 administrative districts. The outer islands are administered centrally, and the Seychelles' extensive exclusive economic zone is a significant focus of regulation.Unitary, with Rodrigues holding a statutory autonomous status and its own Regional Assembly, and Agalega and St Brandon administered as outer islands.
How law is madeBills may start in either chamber and must pass both. The President may object in whole or part; Congress overcomes an objection by absolute majority in both chambers. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds vote of each chamber and ratification by referendum; wholesale reform requires a constituent assembly.Bills originate with the government or members of the Assembly of the Union, are examined in committee and passed by the Assembly, then promulgated by the President. Matters within island competence are legislated by the island assemblies, and disputes over the boundary between Union and island competence are a standing feature of Comorian constitutional practice.Bills pass the National Assembly with committee scrutiny and receive presidential assent; the President may refer a bill to the Constitutional Court on a question of constitutionality before assent. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority, and amendments to certain protected provisions additionally require a referendum.Bills pass three readings in the National Assembly with committee scrutiny and receive presidential assent. Constitutional amendments require a three-quarters majority, and certain entrenched provisions โ€” including the electoral and 'best loser' arrangements โ€” require both a three-quarters majority and, for some, a referendum.
Legal professionA law degree and registration of the title with the Supreme Court, which maintains the roll and exercises discipline. Bar membership is voluntary. Because both Spanish and Guaranรญ are official, courts must provide interpretation, and practitioners outside Asunciรณn are commonly bilingual.A small bar of avocats admitted after French-model legal training, supplemented by qadis who require religious-law qualification for the personal-status jurisdiction; many practitioners train in France or Madagascar.A fused profession of attorneys-at-law admitted by the Supreme Court after a recognised law qualification and pupillage, with the Bar Association of Seychelles representing practitioners.A three-branch profession unusual in the region: barristers hold rights of audience, attorneys handle procedure and instruct barristers, and notaries deal with conveyancing and authenticated instruments under the civil-law tradition.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full โ€” the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.