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Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
AttributeParaguayReviewedGeorgiaReviewedBrazilReviewed
Legal familyIdenticalCivil lawCivil lawCivil law
System of governmentUnitary presidential republicUnitary parliamentary republicFederal presidential republic
ConstitutionConstitution of the Republic of ParaguayConstitution of GeorgiaConstituiรงรฃo da Repรบblica Federativa do Brasil
In force since199219951988
CapitalAsunciรณnTbilisiBrasรญlia
Official languagesSpanish, GuaranรญGeorgianPortuguese
CurrencyParaguayan guaranรญ (PYG)Lari (GEL)Brazilian Real (BRL)
Population6,900,0003,700,000217,000,000
Division of powersUnitary with seventeen departments and the capital district, each with an elected governor and departmental board holding administrative and limited fiscal competence. Legislative power is national.Unitary, with the Autonomous Republic of Adjara holding its own constitution and supreme council, and Abkhazia recognised in Georgian law as an autonomous republic. Abkhazia and South Ossetia are outside the effective control of the central government, and the atlas records Georgian law as it stands while noting that it is not applied there in practice.Presidentialism with a bicameral Congress and an assertive judiciary; the STF hears direct actions of unconstitutionality brought by defined institutional applicants.
How law is madeBills may start in either chamber and must pass both. The President may object in whole or part; Congress overcomes an objection by absolute majority in both chambers. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds vote of each chamber and ratification by referendum; wholesale reform requires a constituent assembly.Bills may be introduced by the Government, members of Parliament, a committee, the representative bodies of the autonomous republics or by an initiative of 25,000 voters. They pass three readings, and the President may veto with remarks, which Parliament overrides by a majority of its full composition. Organic laws require an absolute majority. Laws take effect on publication in the Legislative Herald.Bills pass both chambers, with the initiating chamber reviewing amendments; the President may veto in whole or part, and Congress may override in joint session.
Legal professionA law degree and registration of the title with the Supreme Court, which maintains the roll and exercises discipline. Bar membership is voluntary. Because both Spanish and Guaranรญ are official, courts must provide interpretation, and practitioners outside Asunciรณn are commonly bilingual.Advocates are admitted by the Georgian Bar Association after a qualifying examination and hold a monopoly on representation in criminal cases and, since 2017, in cassation. The Bar is a self-governing body with its own ethics commission. Notaries are licensed and their role in property and corporate acts was deliberately narrowed during the reform decade in favour of direct electronic registration, which is why Georgian conveyancing is faster and cheaper than in most civil-law systems.Law graduates must pass the OAB examination; membership of the Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil is mandatory to practise.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full โ€” the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.