Comparison

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Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	ParaguayReviewed	NamibiaReviewed	GhanaReviewed	SudanIndexed
Legal family	Civil law	Mixed Roman-Dutch and English common law	Mixed (common law and customary law)	Mixed Islamic and common law
System of government	Unitary presidential republic	Semi-presidential republic	Unitary presidential republic	Military government following the 2021 coup and 2023 war
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay	Constitution of the Republic of Namibia	Constitution of the Republic of Ghana	Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Period
In force since	1992	1990	1992	2019
Capital	Asunción	Windhoek	Accra	Khartoum
Official languages	Spanish, Guaraní	English	English, Akan, Ewe, Dagbani	Arabic, English
Currency	Paraguayan guaraní (PYG)	Namibian dollar (NAD)	Ghanaian Cedi (GHS)	Sudanese pound (SDG)
Population	6,900,000	2,600,000	34,100,000	48,100,000
Division of powers	Unitary with seventeen departments and the capital district, each with an elected governor and departmental board holding administrative and limited fiscal competence. Legislative power is national.	Unitary with 14 administrative regions and elected regional councils, which also constitute the National Council, the upper chamber. Traditional authorities exercise recognised functions over communal land and customary law.	Executive president with a Cabinet drawn substantially from Parliament, a unicameral legislature, and a judiciary whose independence is protected by security of tenure and a charged-on-consolidated-fund salary.	Formally federal, with states headed by governors. The Juba Peace Agreement of 2020 contemplated regional arrangements for Darfur and the Two Areas. Effective authority is currently divided between the belligerents and varies by locality.
How law is made	Bills may start in either chamber and must pass both. The President may object in whole or part; Congress overcomes an objection by absolute majority in both chambers. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds vote of each chamber and ratification by referendum; wholesale reform requires a constituent assembly.	Bills pass the National Assembly through three readings, then go to the National Council for review. The Council may confirm, propose amendments, or object; the Assembly can override an objection by a two-thirds majority. The President then assents, and constitutional amendments require two-thirds of both chambers and may never diminish the rights chapter.	A bill is gazetted, read three times, considered by committee and passed by simple majority. Bills with financial implications need presidential consent to be introduced. The President assents; refusal returns the bill with reasons.	The Charter assigned legislation to a joint sitting of the Sovereignty Council and the cabinet pending the formation of a legislative council, which never fully happened. Since 2021 instruments have been issued by decree. There is no verifiable ordinary legislative process at present, which is why this profile is marked as requiring research.
Legal profession	A law degree and registration of the title with the Supreme Court, which maintains the roll and exercises discipline. Bar membership is voluntary. Because both Spanish and Guaraní are official, courts must provide interpretation, and practitioners outside Asunción are commonly bilingual.	A fused profession under the Legal Practitioners Act: a single class of legal practitioner is admitted after a law degree and the Justice Training Centre's postgraduate course, and the Law Society of Namibia regulates practice.	Fused: an LLB, the Ghana School of Law professional course and enrolment admit a lawyer who may both solicit and advocate.	Advocates are admitted through the Sudanese Bar Association, and the profession — particularly the Sudanese Professionals Association and the emergency lawyers' groups — was central to the 2019 protest movement and to documenting subsequent abuses. Judges are career appointments through the Judicial Service Commission. Current admission practice and numbers cannot be reliably confirmed.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.