Comparison

Read two legal systems against each other

Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	ParaguayReviewed	PeruReviewed	NamibiaReviewed	LiberiaReviewed
Legal family	Civil law	Civil law	Mixed Roman-Dutch and English common law	Mixed (American common law and customary law)
System of government	Unitary presidential republic	Unitary semi-presidential republic	Semi-presidential republic	Unitary presidential republic
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay	Political Constitution of Peru	Constitution of the Republic of Namibia	Constitution of the Republic of Liberia
In force since	1992	1993	1990	1986
Capital	Asunción	Lima	Windhoek	Monrovia
Official languages	Spanish, Guaraní	Spanish, Quechua, Aymara	English	English, Kpelle, Bassa
Currency	Paraguayan guaraní (PYG)	Peruvian sol (PEN)	Namibian dollar (NAD)	Liberian Dollar (LRD)
Population	6,900,000	34,000,000	2,600,000	5,400,000
Division of powers	Unitary with seventeen departments and the capital district, each with an elected governor and departmental board holding administrative and limited fiscal competence. Legislative power is national.	Unitary and decentralised, with twenty-five regional governments and the Lima Metropolitan Municipality holding elected councils and administrative competence. Peasant and native communities exercise jurisdiction within their territory under Article 149 in coordination with the justices of the peace.	Unitary with 14 administrative regions and elected regional councils, which also constitute the National Council, the upper chamber. Traditional authorities exercise recognised functions over communal land and customary law.	American-style separation: an executive president, a bicameral legislature of Senate and House of Representatives, and a Supreme Court of five justices.
How law is made	Bills may start in either chamber and must pass both. The President may object in whole or part; Congress overcomes an objection by absolute majority in both chambers. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds vote of each chamber and ratification by referendum; wholesale reform requires a constituent assembly.	Bills come from Congress, the executive, regional governments or citizens. A single chamber debates in committee and plenary; a second vote is required unless exempted. The President may observe a bill, and Congress insists by absolute majority. Constitutional amendment needs an absolute majority in two successive ordinary legislatures, or a two-thirds vote plus referendum.	Bills pass the National Assembly through three readings, then go to the National Council for review. The Council may confirm, propose amendments, or object; the Assembly can override an objection by a two-thirds majority. The President then assents, and constitutional amendments require two-thirds of both chambers and may never diminish the rights chapter.	Bills pass both houses in identical form and go to the President, who signs or vetoes; a two-thirds vote of both houses overrides a veto.
Legal profession	A law degree and registration of the title with the Supreme Court, which maintains the roll and exercises discipline. Bar membership is voluntary. Because both Spanish and Guaraní are official, courts must provide interpretation, and practitioners outside Asunción are commonly bilingual.	A law degree followed by a bachiller and título de abogado, then compulsory registration with one of the departmental colegios de abogados, which hold disciplinary power. Registration in one college permits practice nationwide. Notaries are a separate profession appointed by competitive examination.	A fused profession under the Legal Practitioners Act: a single class of legal practitioner is admitted after a law degree and the Justice Training Centre's postgraduate course, and the Law Society of Namibia regulates practice.	Fused; graduates of the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law are admitted by the Supreme Court as counsellors-at-law, with the Liberian National Bar Association as the professional body.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.