Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
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| Attribute | PeruReviewed | MaliIndexed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law | Civil law (French tradition) |
| System of government | Unitary semi-presidential republic | Republic under transitional military-led government |
| Constitution | Political Constitution of Peru | Constitution of Mali |
| In force since | 1993 | 2023 |
| Capital | Lima | Bamako |
| Official languages | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara | French, Bambara |
| Currency | Peruvian sol (PEN) | West African CFA franc (XOF) |
| Population | 34,000,000 | 23,300,000 |
| Division of powers | Unitary and decentralised, with twenty-five regional governments and the Lima Metropolitan Municipality holding elected councils and administrative competence. Peasant and native communities exercise jurisdiction within their territory under Article 149 in coordination with the justices of the peace. | Formally a presidential system with a Prime Minister and bicameral legislature under the 2023 text; in practice transitional authorities exercise combined executive and legislative functions pending elections. |
| How law is made | Bills come from Congress, the executive, regional governments or citizens. A single chamber debates in committee and plenary; a second vote is required unless exempted. The President may observe a bill, and Congress insists by absolute majority. Constitutional amendment needs an absolute majority in two successive ordinary legislatures, or a two-thirds vote plus referendum. | Under the transition, texts are adopted by the Conseil national de transition or issued as ordinances and promulgated by the President of the Transition. The 2023 constitution provides for ordinary bicameral passage once institutions are restored. |
| Legal profession | A law degree followed by a bachiller and tÃtulo de abogado, then compulsory registration with one of the departmental colegios de abogados, which hold disciplinary power. Registration in one college permits practice nationwide. Notaries are a separate profession appointed by competitive examination. | Avocats admitted through the Barreau du Mali after a law degree and traineeship; notaires and huissiers are separate ministerial offices. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.