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| Attribute | SudanIndexed | OmanReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Mixed Islamic and common law | Mixed (civil law and Islamic law) |
| System of government | Military government following the 2021 coup and 2023 war | Unitary absolute monarchy |
| Constitution | Draft Constitutional Charter for the Transitional Period | Basic Law of the State |
| In force since | 2019 | 1996 |
| Capital | Khartoum | Muscat |
| Official languages | Arabic, English | Arabic |
| Currency | Sudanese pound (SDG) | Omani rial (OMR) |
| Population | 48,100,000 | 4,600,000 |
| Division of powers | Formally federal, with states headed by governors. The Juba Peace Agreement of 2020 contemplated regional arrangements for Darfur and the Two Areas. Effective authority is currently divided between the belligerents and varies by locality. | Unitary. Eleven governorates headed by appointed governors, with municipal councils holding advisory functions over local services. No legislative competence exists below the national level. |
| How law is made | The Charter assigned legislation to a joint sitting of the Sovereignty Council and the cabinet pending the formation of a legislative council, which never fully happened. Since 2021 instruments have been issued by decree. There is no verifiable ordinary legislative process at present, which is why this profile is marked as requiring research. | Draft legislation is prepared by ministries and the Council of Ministers, may be referred to the Council of Oman for review, and takes effect on the Sultan's signature and publication in the Official Gazette. The Majlis al-Shura may propose legislation and question ministers, and its role was modestly strengthened after 2011, but it cannot enact or block a royal decree. |
| Legal profession | Advocates are admitted through the Sudanese Bar Association, and the profession — particularly the Sudanese Professionals Association and the emergency lawyers' groups — was central to the 2019 protest movement and to documenting subsequent abuses. Judges are career appointments through the Judicial Service Commission. Current admission practice and numbers cannot be reliably confirmed. | Advocacy is regulated by the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs; Omani nationality is required for rights of audience, and foreign lawyers practise as consultants within licensed firms. Pleadings are in Arabic. Judges are appointed by royal decree on the recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council. Notarisation is required for real property dispositions, and land registration is administered by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.