Comparison

Read two legal systems against each other

Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.

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Comparison of selected legal systems
Attribute	TanzaniaReviewed	TongaReviewed	DR CongoReviewed
Legal family	Mixed (common law, customary law, Islamic law)	Common law with customary law	Civil law (Belgian tradition)
System of government	Unitary presidential republic with autonomous Zanzibar	Constitutional monarchy	Unitary semi-presidential republic
Constitution	Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania	Act of Constitution of Tonga	Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
In force since	1977	1875	2006
Capital	Dodoma	Nuku'alofa	Kinshasa
Official languages	Swahili, English	Tongan, English	French, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, Tshiluba
Currency	Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)	Tongan paʻanga (TOP)	Congolese Franc (CDF)
Population	67,400,000	105,000	102,300,000
Division of powers	Presidential system with a Prime Minister, a unicameral National Assembly, and a separate Zanzibar government with its own House of Representatives and judiciary up to the Zanzibar High Court.	Unitary. The Legislative Assembly legislates for the whole kingdom, and the island divisions of Tongatapu, Vava'u, Ha'apai, 'Eua and the Niuas are administrative districts headed by governors. Below that, town and district officers are elected under the Fakafekau'aki and District and Town Officers Act.	Semi-presidential: a directly elected President, a Prime Minister from the parliamentary majority, and a bicameral Parliament. The 2006 constitution split the former Supreme Court into three separate apex courts.
How law is made	Bills are read three times with committee scrutiny in the National Assembly. Bills affecting Zanzibar's Union interests require particular majorities. The President assents; a returned bill passed again by two-thirds must be assented to or the Assembly dissolved.	Bills pass three readings in the Legislative Assembly and require the King's assent, which is a real rather than purely formal step. Ordinary bills need a simple majority. Amendments to the Constitution require a majority in the Assembly at three separate readings and the consent of the King and Privy Council, and clause 79 forbids any amendment affecting the law of liberty, the succession to the throne or the titles and hereditary estates of the nobles.	Bills pass both chambers; persistent disagreement is resolved by a joint commission or a final National Assembly vote. The President promulgates within the constitutional period, and the Constitutional Court may be seised beforehand.
Legal profession	Fused; advocates are admitted to the roll of the High Court after an LLB and the Law School of Tanzania, with the Tanganyika Law Society as the mainland professional body.	Law practitioners are admitted by the Chief Justice and licensed under the Law Practitioners Act, with the Tonga Law Society as the professional body. Most qualify overseas or at the University of the South Pacific. A practitioner working on land must know the Land Act's allotment system rather than general property law, because the constitutional bar on selling land means conveyancing in the ordinary sense does not exist.	Avocats admitted to provincial bars under the national Ordre des avocats after a law degree and traineeship; défenseurs judiciaires assist in lower courts.

A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.