Comparison
Read two legal systems against each other
Because every portal follows the same fifteen-section outline, the comparison is genuinely like-for-like rather than a collage of whatever each government happens to publish.
Select up to six documented jurisdictions
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| Attribute | TurkeyReviewed | NorwayReviewed |
|---|---|---|
| Legal family | Civil law | Civil law (Nordic) |
| System of government | Unitary presidential republic | Constitutional monarchy |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye | Constitution of Norway (Grunnloven) |
| In force since | 1982 | 1814 |
| Capital | Ankara | Oslo |
| Official languages | Turkish | Norwegian |
| Currency | Turkish lira (TRY) | Norwegian krone (NOK) |
| Population | 85,300,000 | 5,500,000 |
| Division of powers | Unitary. 81 provinces administered by centrally appointed governors, alongside elected metropolitan and district municipalities with their own mayors and councils. Local government has genuine budgetary weight in the large cities but no legislative competence. | Parliamentary government in which the Council of State answers to the Storting, with an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court. |
| How law is made | Bills are introduced by members or the executive, examined in committee and passed by the Assembly. The President may return a law once for reconsideration; if the Assembly re-adopts it unchanged the President must promulgate it or refer it to the Constitutional Court. Presidential decrees take effect on publication in the Official Gazette but lapse where the Assembly later legislates on the same subject. | Bills are debated and passed by the Storting, which since 2009 sits as a single chamber, and sanctioned by the King in Council. |
| Legal profession | A single profession of avukat, admitted after a four-year law faculty degree and a one-year traineeship, with compulsory membership of a provincial bar association under the Union of Turkish Bar Associations. Representation by counsel is mandatory for companies in most litigation. Judges and prosecutors form a separate career entered by examination and the Justice Academy, and notaries hold a licensed monopoly over authenticated instruments — property transfers require both notarial and land registry formality. | The advokat title requires a law degree and practical experience; a separate licence is needed to appear before the Supreme Court. |
A comparison table flattens nuance by design. Where a difference matters to a decision you are making, open both portals and read the section in full — the constitutional detail behind a one-line summary is often the part that governs the outcome.