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Glossary

Force majeure

civil-lawcommon-law

A contractual or statutory excuse for non-performance caused by an unforeseeable external event.

In more detail

In civil-law systems force majeure is often a statutory concept, while common-law contracts must define it expressly because the general doctrine of frustration is narrow. Whether a pandemic or sanctions regime qualifies usually turns on the precise drafting rather than general principle.

Related terms

  • hardship
  • frustration

See how this applies to you

Definitions are general. How a term operates depends on the jurisdiction you are in.