Brunei · Constitution
Constitution of Brunei Darussalam
Granted in 1959 while Brunei was still a British protected state, and amended in 1971, 1984 and 2004. It vests supreme executive authority in the Sultan, provides for appointed advisory councils, and declares the state philosophy of Melayu Islam Beraja — Malay Islamic Monarchy. A state of emergency proclaimed in December 1962 has been renewed every two years since, and under it the Sultan may make Orders having the force of law, which is the principal legislative route in practice.
The constitutional text
Granted in 1959 while Brunei was still a British protected state, and amended in 1971, 1984 and 2004. It vests supreme executive authority in the Sultan, provides for appointed advisory councils, and declares the state philosophy of Melayu Islam Beraja — Malay Islamic Monarchy. A state of emergency proclaimed in December 1962 has been renewed every two years since, and under it the Sultan may make Orders having the force of law, which is the principal legislative route in practice.
Separation of powers
Unitary, with four districts administered by district officers reporting to the Ministry of Home Affairs. No federal or devolved tier; village and mukim headmen have recognised consultative functions.
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