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Haiti

Republic of Haiti

Civil lawUnitary semi-presidential republicReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Port-au-Prince
Population
11,600,000
Languages
French, Haitian Creole
Currency
HTG

Haiti · Constitution

Constitution de la République d'Haïti

Adopted by referendum on 29 March 1987 after the fall of the Duvalier regime, and amended in 2011. It disperses power deliberately to prevent a return to dictatorship, creating a bicameral legislature, an elected President limited to non-consecutive terms, and a Prime Minister accountable to Parliament. Its Conseil Constitutionnel and permanent electoral council were never established, which is part of why the system has proved difficult to operate.

The constitutional text

Adopted by referendum on 29 March 1987 after the fall of the Duvalier regime, and amended in 2011. It disperses power deliberately to prevent a return to dictatorship, creating a bicameral legislature, an elected President limited to non-consecutive terms, and a Prime Minister accountable to Parliament. Its Conseil Constitutionnel and permanent electoral council were never established, which is part of why the system has proved difficult to operate.

Separation of powers

Unitary with constitutionally recognised decentralisation to 10 departments, arrondissements and communes, and to the communal section as the smallest territorial unit. In practice the elected local bodies are largely unfilled and replaced by appointed interim commissions.

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