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Lebanon

Lebanese Republic

Civil law with confessional personal statusUnitary confessional parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Beirut
Population
5,400,000
Languages
Arabic, French
Currency
LBP

Lebanon · Constitution

Constitution of Lebanon

Enacted in 1926 under the French Mandate and amended many times, decisively by the 1990 amendments implementing the Taif Agreement that ended the civil war. Taif transferred executive power from the President to the Council of Ministers collectively, equalised Christian and Muslim parliamentary representation at parity, and committed the state to abolishing political confessionalism as a goal while entrenching it in the interim. The preamble affirms that no authority may contradict the pact of communal coexistence.

The constitutional text

Enacted in 1926 under the French Mandate and amended many times, decisively by the 1990 amendments implementing the Taif Agreement that ended the civil war. Taif transferred executive power from the President to the Council of Ministers collectively, equalised Christian and Muslim parliamentary representation at parity, and committed the state to abolishing political confessionalism as a goal while entrenching it in the interim. The preamble affirms that no authority may contradict the pact of communal coexistence.

Separation of powers

Unitary, with eight governorates and districts administered centrally and elected municipal councils that have real but under-funded competences. Administrative decentralisation was promised by Taif and never enacted.

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