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Palestine

State of Palestine

Mixed civil, common and Islamic lawSemi-presidential republic under occupationReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Ramallah
Population
5,500,000
Languages
Arabic
Currency
ILS

Palestine · Government

Government and administration in Palestine

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of state — President of the State of Palestine
Also chairs the PLO Executive Committee; issues decree-laws.
Executive — Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister
Appointed by the President.
Legislative — Palestinian Legislative Council
Not functioning since 2007; dissolution declared in 2018.
Judicial governance — High Judicial Council
Judicial appointments and administration; repeatedly restructured by decree.
Oversight — Anti-Corruption Commission and Independent Commission for Human Rights
Investigation and human rights monitoring.

How legislation is made

The Basic Law contemplates bills passing the Legislative Council in three readings and being promulgated by the President. Since 2007, with the Council not sitting, legislation has been issued as presidential decree-law under Article 43, published in the Official Gazette al-Waqa'i al-Filastiniyya. Because Article 43 requires later presentation to the Council, the standing of the accumulated body of decree-laws is itself a live constitutional question.

Enforcement institutions

Palestinian Civil Police
Operating in Area A and, separately administered, in Gaza.
Public Prosecution
Under the Attorney General; directs criminal investigation.
Anti-Corruption Commission
Investigates and refers cases to the Corruption Crimes Court.
Land Authority
Registration; large areas remain unregistered under the settlement-of-title process.
Independent Commission for Human Rights
National human rights institution established by presidential decree.

Government bodies and regulators

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