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Sri Lanka

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

Mixed civil, common and customary lawSemi-presidential republicReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Population
22,200,000
Languages
Sinhala, Tamil
Currency
LKR

Sri Lanka · Government

Government and administration in Sri Lanka

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of state and government — President
Directly elected; heads the cabinet and appoints ministers.
Executive — Prime Minister and Cabinet
Prime Minister leads the government in Parliament.
Legislative — Parliament
Unicameral, 225 members elected by proportional representation.
Judiciary — Supreme Court and Court of Appeal
Appointments involve the Constitutional Council.
Oversight — Independent commissions
Elections, police, public service, bribery and human rights commissions.

How legislation is made

Bills are published in the Gazette at least seven days before first reading, which is the trigger for the one-week window to petition the Supreme Court. A bill inconsistent with the Constitution needs a two-thirds majority, and in some cases a referendum. After enactment the Speaker's certificate is conclusive and the Act is immune from challenge.

Enforcement institutions

Sri Lanka Police
National force under the National Police Commission.
Attorney-General's Department
Conducts prosecutions and advises the state.
Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption
Anti-corruption investigation and prosecution.
Inland Revenue Department
Income tax and VAT administration.
Registrar of Companies
Company incorporation under the Companies Act 2007.

Government bodies and regulators

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