Thailand · Courts
Court structure of Thailand
Every tier of the judiciary, what it hears, and where an appeal goes next.
The hierarchy, top to bottom
- Constitutional — Constitutional Court
- Reviews statutes, party dissolution and officeholder qualifications.
- Final appellate — Supreme Court (Dika Court)
- Final court in the ordinary stream.
- Appellate — Courts of Appeal
- Regional appellate courts.
- First instance — Courts of First Instance
- Provincial, municipal, juvenile and family courts.
- Administrative — Supreme and Central Administrative Courts
- Separate stream reviewing administrative action since 1999.
- Specialist — Intellectual Property and International Trade Court; Labour Court; Tax Court
- Specialist first-instance courts with direct appeal routes.
Every court in the hierarchy
- constitutionalBangkokConstitutional Court of ThailandReview of the constitutionality of bills and statutes, dissolution of political parties, determination of the qualifications of ministers and members of parliament, and resolution of disputes over the powers of constitutional organs.
- supremeBangkokSupreme Court of ThailandFinal appeals in civil and criminal matters, with a Criminal Division for Political Office Holders exercising first-instance jurisdiction over senior officials.
- first-instanceProvincial and Bangkok metropolitan courtsCourts of First InstanceFirst-instance civil and criminal jurisdiction, with specialised courts for intellectual property and international trade, labour, taxation, bankruptcy, juveniles and family matters.
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