Tuvalu

The three branches

Head of state — The King, represented by the Governor-General

The Governor-General must be a Tuvaluan citizen, appointed on the Prime Minister's advice.

Executive — Cabinet led by the Prime Minister

The Prime Minister is elected by Parliament; there are no political parties, so governments form around personal and island alliances.

Legislative — Parliament of Tuvalu (Palamene o Tuvalu)

Unicameral; 16 members elected from eight island constituencies.

Judicial — Court of Appeal and High Court

The Chief Justice is appointed by the Governor-General on the Cabinet's advice.

Island — Falekaupule (assemblies of elders)

Statutory bylaw-making and financial powers under the Falekaupule Act 1997.

How legislation is made

Bills receive three readings in the single 16-member chamber and are assented to by the Governor-General. With so few members, a government majority is often one or two votes, and motions of no confidence are a routine feature of Tuvaluan politics. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority of all members of Parliament, and certain provisions require a longer notice period before the vote.

Enforcement institutions

Tuvalu Police Force

Unarmed national force, including a maritime surveillance function.

Office of the Attorney General

Principal legal adviser, drafter and prosecutor for the state.

People's Lawyer

Statutory office providing free legal representation, the main access-to-justice route.

Office of the Ombudsman

Handles complaints of maladministration.