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🇧🇪 Belgium · supreme court

Court of Cassation

Cour de cassation / Hof van Cassatie

Reviewed· 2026-08-02Brussels

Established by the law of 4 August 1832 under the new Constitution. It does not retry cases: it reviews whether the law was correctly applied and whether procedural formalities were observed. A successful appeal quashes the judgment and normally sends the case back to a differently composed court. It also settles conflicts of jurisdiction between the judicial and administrative orders.

How the court is constituted

Tier
supreme
Court type
Supreme court of the judicial order
Jurisdiction
National — final review on points of law in civil, criminal, commercial and labour matters
Seat
Brussels
Established
1832
Composition
Three chambers — civil and commercial, criminal, and labour — each divided into a Dutch-language and a French-language section, headed by a First President. The Procureur général’s office delivers an independent opinion in each case.
Appointment
Appointed for life by the King on nomination by the High Council of Justice
Languages
Dutch, French, German

Where an appeal goes next

None within Belgium. Convention rights may afterwards be raised before the European Court of Human Rights.

Filing at this court

Time limit (civil)
Three months from service of the contested judgment
Counsel
Civil appeals must be signed by an avocat à la Cour de cassation
Scope
Questions of law only; findings of fact are not reopened

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