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🇨🇦 Canada · supreme court

Supreme Court of Canada

Reviewed· 2026-06-09Ottawa

Final appellate court for common-law and civil-law appeals alike, and the authoritative interpreter of the Charter. It also answers reference questions put by the federal government.

How the court is constituted

Tier
supreme
Court type
Apex court for both legal traditions
Jurisdiction
National
Seat
Ottawa
Established
1875
Composition
Chief Justice and eight puisne judges, three from Québec by statute
Appointment
Appointed by the Governor in Council following an advisory board process; tenure to 75

Where an appeal goes next

Final

Decisions worth knowing

  • R v Oakes1986

    Set the proportionality test for limiting Charter rights.

  • Reference re Secession of Quebec1998

    Unilateral secession would be unconstitutional; negotiation duties arise.

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