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Canada

Bijural: common law and Québec civil lawFederal parliamentary constitutional monarchyReviewed· 2026-06-09
Capital
Ottawa
Population
41,200,000
Languages
English, French
Currency
CAD

Canada · Courts

Court structure of Canada

Every tier of the judiciary, what it hears, and where an appeal goes next.

The hierarchy, top to bottom

Supreme — Supreme Court of Canada
Nine judges, three of whom must be from Québec.
Appellate — Provincial Courts of Appeal; Federal Court of Appeal
Appeals from superior and federal courts.
First instance — Provincial superior courts; Federal Court
Federally appointed judges; provincially administered.
Lower — Provincial and territorial courts
Most criminal and small civil matters.
Specialised — Tax Court of Canada; administrative tribunals
Immigration, labour and human-rights tribunals.

Every court in the hierarchy

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