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🇩🇪 Germany · constitutional court

Federal Constitutional Court

Bundesverfassungsgericht

Reviewed· 2026-06-11Karlsruhe

Among the most influential constitutional courts in the world. Any person may bring a Verfassungsbeschwerde after exhausting ordinary remedies, and the Court may annul federal or state legislation outright.

How the court is constituted

Tier
constitutional
Court type
Constitutional court
Jurisdiction
National constitutional review
Seat
Karlsruhe
Established
1951
Composition
Two senates of eight justices each
Appointment
Half elected by the Bundestag, half by the Bundesrat, each by a two-thirds majority; single twelve-year term
Caseload
~5,000 constitutional complaints per year
Languages
German

Where an appeal goes next

Final domestically; ECHR application possible thereafter

Filing at this court

Route in
Constitutional complaint within one month of the final decision
Cost
No court fee; abuse fees possible
Representation
Not mandatory in writing; required at oral hearing

Decisions worth knowing

  • Lüth1958

    Basic rights radiate into private law interpretation.

  • Climate Protection Order2021

    Insufficient emissions planning burdened future freedom.

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