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Germany

Federal Republic of Germany

Civil lawFederal parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-06-11
Capital
Berlin
Population
84,400,000
Languages
German
Currency
EUR

Germany · Courts

Court structure of Germany

Every tier of the judiciary, what it hears, and where an appeal goes next.

The hierarchy, top to bottom

Constitutional — Bundesverfassungsgericht
Karlsruhe; constitutional complaints and abstract review.
Supreme — Bundesgerichtshof
Highest ordinary court for civil and criminal law.
Appellate — Oberlandesgerichte
Regional higher courts.
First instance — Landgerichte and Amtsgerichte
Value and gravity determine which court hears the case.
Specialised — Federal administrative, labour, social and finance courts
Five separate supreme court branches in total.

Every court in the hierarchy

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