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🇪🇸 Spain · first-instance court

Courts of First Instance

Juzgados de Primera Instancia e Instrucción

Reviewed· 2026-08-02Various

Single-judge courts hearing civil claims and conducting criminal investigations, with the Audiencias Provinciales sitting as the ordinary appellate courts above them.

How the court is constituted

Tier
first instance
Court type
General courts of first instance
Jurisdiction
By judicial district (partido judicial)
Seat
Various
Composition
Single professional judge per court.
Languages
Spanish

Where an appeal goes next

Appeal to the Audiencia Provincial, then cassation to the Tribunal Supremo.

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