Panels of three federal judges that decide amparo directo against final judgments and appeals from district courts. For most litigants these are the practical court of last resort, since the Supreme Court takes only cases raising a constitutional question.
How the court is constituted
- Tier
- appellate
- Court type
- Federal appellate court
- Jurisdiction
- Circuit
- Seat
- Multiple circuits nationwide
- Composition
- Three-judge panels; hundreds of tribunals across 32 circuits.
- Appointment
- Judges selected by the federal judiciary's administrative body, with popular election phased in under the 2024 reform.
- Languages
- Spanish
Where an appeal goes next
Limited further review by the Supreme Court where a genuine constitutional issue is raised.
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