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🇳🇱 Netherlands · first-instance court

District Courts

Rechtbanken

Reviewed· 2026-08-02Eleven districts nationwide

The eleven district courts are the workhorses of the system, each divided into sectors for civil, criminal, administrative and subdistrict (kanton) matters. Nearly every case starts here, and most are heard by a single judge, with three-judge benches reserved for the more serious or complex.

How the court is constituted

Tier
first instance
Court type
Courts of first instance
Jurisdiction
Regional — eleven districts
Seat
Eleven districts nationwide
Composition
Single judges and three-judge chambers across civil, criminal, administrative and kanton divisions.
Languages
Dutch

Where an appeal goes next

Appeal to a Gerechtshof; administrative appeals to the Council of State or specialised high courts.

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