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Andorra

Principality of Andorra

Civil lawParliamentary co-principalityReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Andorra la Vella
Population
80,000
Languages
Catalan
Currency
EUR
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Andorra · Rights

Rights in Andorra

What the atlas records on rights in Andorra, checked against the primary sources cited below.

Rights

The 1993 Constitution and a parliamentary co-principality

Reviewed· 2026-08-02

Andorra became a constitutional parliamentary co-principality with the 1993 Constitution. The President of France and the Bishop of Urgell remain joint heads of state as Coprinces, while legislative power rests with the Consell General.

Key rules

  • The Coprinces are joint and indivisible heads of state exercising only the functions the Constitution allows.
  • The Consell General legislates and invests the Cap de Govern, who leads the executive.
  • The Tribunal Constitucional reviews the constitutionality of laws and hears empara appeals.

Governing law

  • Constitution of the Principality of Andorra (1993)
  • Llei qualificada del Tribunal Constitucional

In practice

Lleis qualificades cover fundamental matters and need an absolute majority, so they cannot be amended by an ordinary legislative majority.

Sources

Rights

Constitutional rights enforced by the recurs d'empara and the ECHR

Reviewed· 2026-08-02

Title II of the Constitution guarantees fundamental rights, and Andorra has been a party to the European Convention on Human Rights since 1996. A recurs d'empara brings alleged violations directly before the Tribunal Constitucional.

Key rules

  • The recurs d'empara allows individuals to challenge acts violating constitutional rights.
  • The death penalty is prohibited by the Constitution itself.
  • The Raonador del Ciutadà acts as ombudsman for complaints against the administration.

Governing law

  • Constitution of Andorra, Title II (1993)
  • European Convention on Human RightsRatified 1996

In practice

An empara claim normally requires the Ministeri Fiscal to be heard first, an unusual filter compared with other constitutional complaints.

Sources

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