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Bangladesh

People's Republic of Bangladesh

Common lawParliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Dhaka
Population
171,200,000
Languages
Bengali
Currency
BDT

Bangladesh · Government

Government and administration in Bangladesh

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of state — President
Elected by Parliament; ceremonial apart from the appointment of the Chief Justice.
Executive — Prime Minister and Cabinet
Holds effective executive power and commands the parliamentary majority.
Legislative — Jatiya Sangsad
Unicameral, 350 seats including 50 reserved for women.
Judiciary — Supreme Court
Two divisions; judicial appointments made by the President.
Oversight — Anti-Corruption Commission and Comptroller and Auditor General
Constitutional and statutory oversight bodies.

How legislation is made

A unicameral Parliament passes bills by simple majority; the President may return a bill once but must assent if it is passed again. Constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority. Article 70 removes a member's seat if they vote against their party, which sharply limits legislative independence from the executive. Ordinances may be issued between sessions.

Enforcement institutions

Bangladesh Police
National force including the Detective Branch and the Rapid Action Battalion.
Anti-Corruption Commission
Statutory body investigating and prosecuting corruption offences.
National Board of Revenue
Income tax, VAT and customs.
Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission
Capital markets regulation.
Registrar of Joint Stock Companies and Firms
Company and partnership registration.

Government bodies and regulators

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