Indonesia · Government
Government and administration in Indonesia
How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.
The three branches
- Head of state and government — President
- Directly elected, two five-year terms maximum.
- Legislative — People's Representative Council (DPR)
- 575 members; legislates with the President.
- Legislative — Regional Representative Council (DPD)
- Four members per province; limited legislative role.
- Constitutional — People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)
- DPR and DPD sitting together; amends the Constitution and inaugurates the President.
- Judiciary — Supreme Court and Constitutional Court
- Judicial Commission participates in Supreme Court appointments.
How legislation is made
Bills may originate with the DPR, the President or the DPD on regional matters, and require the agreement of both the DPR and the President — a genuine joint enactment rather than assent. Once approved the President promulgates; if he does not, the bill becomes law after 30 days. The Constitutional Court may then annul it. The 2020 Job Creation Law was found conditionally unconstitutional for defective process, which forced the enactment of a new law on legislative drafting.
Enforcement institutions
- Indonesian National Police (POLRI)
- Separated from the military in 1999; reports to the President.
- Attorney General's Office (Kejaksaan)
- Prosecution service.
- Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
- Investigates and prosecutes corruption; its independence was curtailed in 2019.
- Directorate General of Taxes
- Income tax and VAT administration.
- Ministry of Law and Human Rights (AHU)
- Company registration and legal entity approvals.
- Financial Services Authority (OJK)
- Integrated financial sector regulator.
Government bodies and regulators
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