Iran · Constitution
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Approved by referendum in December 1979 and substantially amended in 1989. It establishes the principle of velayat-e faqih, vesting ultimate authority in a Supreme Leader who is selected by the Assembly of Experts and commands the armed forces, appoints the head of the judiciary and half the Guardian Council, and sets the general policies of the state. The 1989 amendments abolished the prime ministership, strengthened the presidency as head of the executive, and created the Expediency Discernment Council to break deadlocks between Parliament and the Guardian Council.
The constitutional text
Approved by referendum in December 1979 and substantially amended in 1989. It establishes the principle of velayat-e faqih, vesting ultimate authority in a Supreme Leader who is selected by the Assembly of Experts and commands the armed forces, appoints the head of the judiciary and half the Guardian Council, and sets the general policies of the state. The 1989 amendments abolished the prime ministership, strengthened the presidency as head of the executive, and created the Expediency Discernment Council to break deadlocks between Parliament and the Guardian Council.
Separation of powers
Unitary, with 31 provinces headed by governors-general appointed by the Interior Ministry, alongside elected city and village councils created by the Constitution and operating since 1999 with limited competences.
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