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Japan

Civil law with common-law influenceUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchyReviewed· 2026-05-15
Capital
Tokyo
Population
123,500,000
Languages
Japanese
Currency
JPY

Japan · Employment

Employment in Japan

What the atlas records on employment in Japan, checked against the primary sources cited below.

Employment

Abusive dismissal doctrine makes termination hard

Reviewed· 2026-08-03

Article 16 of the Labour Contract Act voids a dismissal that lacks objectively reasonable grounds and is not socially acceptable. Courts apply this strictly, especially to redundancies.

Key rules

  • Redundancy dismissals are tested against a four-factor judicial framework.
  • Fixed-term contracts convert to indefinite on the employee's request after five years.
  • Annual paid leave accrues from 10 days after six months of service.

Governing law

  • Labour Contract Act (Act No. 128 of 2007)
  • Labour Standards Act (Act No. 49 of 1947)

Penalties and consequences

  • Reinstatement with back pay, or a negotiated settlement

In practice

Voluntary resignation packages are the standard practical route because contested dismissals are slow and rarely succeed for the employer.

Sources

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