Luxembourg · Constitution
Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
The 1868 constitution was recast rather than replaced by a wide-ranging revision in force since 1 July 2023, which renumbered the text, modernised the description of the Grand Duke’s powers, and strengthened judicial independence through a new National Council of Justice. Revision requires two successive votes in the Chamber of Deputies by a two-thirds majority.
The constitutional text
The 1868 constitution was recast rather than replaced by a wide-ranging revision in force since 1 July 2023, which renumbered the text, modernised the description of the Grand Duke’s powers, and strengthened judicial independence through a new National Council of Justice. Revision requires two successive votes in the Chamber of Deputies by a two-thirds majority.
Separation of powers
A unitary state with communes as the only subordinate tier. Like France and Belgium it maintains a dual judicial structure: ordinary courts under the Cour de cassation and a separate administrative order under the Cour administrative, with the Constitutional Court resolving conflicts between them.
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