Nepal · Constitution
Constitution of Nepal
Promulgated in September 2015 by the second Constituent Assembly, ending a nine-year transition after the 2006 peace agreement and the 2008 abolition of the monarchy. It declares Nepal secular, federal and republican, creates seven provinces, and lists 31 fundamental rights in Part 3 including rights to housing, food, health and education. Schedules 5 to 9 allocate exclusive and concurrent powers across federal, provincial and local levels. Its promulgation triggered protests in the Tarai over provincial boundaries and citizenship provisions.
The constitutional text
Promulgated in September 2015 by the second Constituent Assembly, ending a nine-year transition after the 2006 peace agreement and the 2008 abolition of the monarchy. It declares Nepal secular, federal and republican, creates seven provinces, and lists 31 fundamental rights in Part 3 including rights to housing, food, health and education. Schedules 5 to 9 allocate exclusive and concurrent powers across federal, provincial and local levels. Its promulgation triggered protests in the Tarai over provincial boundaries and citizenship provisions.
Separation of powers
Federal with three tiers: one federal government, seven provinces and 753 local units, each with its own elected assembly and schedule of exclusive powers. This is a genuine constitutional division rather than delegation — local units have taxing and legislative competence — and much post-2015 litigation concerns the boundaries between tiers and the slow transfer of staff and revenue.
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