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Nepal

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal

Mixed common law and Hindu customary traditionFederal parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Kathmandu
Population
30,500,000
Languages
Nepali
Currency
NPR

Nepal · Government

Government and administration in Nepal

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of state — President
Elected by federal and provincial legislators; ceremonial.
Executive — Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
Responsible to the House of Representatives.
Legislative — Federal Parliament
House of Representatives (275) and National Assembly (59).
Provincial — Seven provincial assemblies
Each with a Chief Minister and its own legislative competence.
Judiciary — Supreme Court
Appointments through the Judicial Council and parliamentary hearings.

How legislation is made

Bills pass both federal houses, except money bills which originate in the House of Representatives; the President must assent. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds majority in both houses and, where a provision affects provincial boundaries or powers, the consent of a majority of provincial assemblies. Provinces and local units legislate within their own schedules.

Enforcement institutions

Nepal Police
Civil policing under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority
Constitutional anti-corruption body.
Office of the Attorney General
Constitutional prosecutor and legal adviser to government.
Inland Revenue Department
Income tax and VAT.
Office of the Company Registrar
Company registration under the Companies Act 2006.

Government bodies and regulators

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