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South Africa

Republic of South Africa

Mixed: Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, customary lawParliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-05-08
Capital
Pretoria (executive), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)
Population
61,000,000
Languages
isiZulu, English
Currency
ZAR

South Africa · Government

Government and administration in South Africa

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Executive — President and Cabinet
President elected by the National Assembly.
Legislative — National Assembly and National Council of Provinces
400 members; 90 provincial delegates.
Judicial — Constitutional Court and superior courts
Judges appointed on JSC advice.
Oversight — Chapter 9 institutions
Public Protector, SAHRC, Auditor-General and others.

How legislation is made

Bills are tagged by subject matter, pass the National Assembly and, where provinces are affected, the NCOP, before presidential assent; the President may refer a bill to the Constitutional Court.

Enforcement institutions

National Prosecuting Authority
Single national prosecuting service.
South African Police Service
National police force including the Hawks (DPCI).
Public Protector
Investigates improper state conduct.

Government bodies and regulators

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