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South Africa

Republic of South Africa

Mixed: Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, customary lawParliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-05-08
Capital
Pretoria (executive), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)
Population
61,000,000
Languages
isiZulu, English
Currency
ZAR

South Africa · Overview

The legal system of South Africa

One of the world’s most instructive hybrid systems. Roman-Dutch private law supplies substance, English law supplies procedure and company law, and recognised customary law applies subject to the Bill of Rights.

Legal tradition

South Africa belongs to the mixed: roman-dutch civil law, english common law, customary law tradition. One of the world’s most instructive hybrid systems. Roman-Dutch private law supplies substance, English law supplies procedure and company law, and recognised customary law applies subject to the Bill of Rights.

How power is divided

Parliamentary executive with strong constitutional supremacy; the Constitutional Court may declare conduct of any branch invalid.

Where law comes from

Constitution
Supreme law; all other law and conduct must comply.
Legislation
Acts of Parliament, provincial acts and municipal by-laws.
Common law
Roman-Dutch and English precedent, developed to fit the Bill of Rights.
Customary law
Recognised as a distinct source under section 211.
International law
Must be considered when interpreting the Bill of Rights.

The legal profession

The Legal Practice Act 2014 unified regulation under the Legal Practice Council, retaining the attorney and advocate distinction.

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